Glossary of Terms

Styles & Movements

20th Century

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General category for design and furniture spanning from the 1900s to 1990s, covering multiple stylistic eras.

Aesthetic Movement

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Emphasized beauty, harmony, and stylized decoration. Known for Japanese influence and high craftsmanship.

Anglo-Japanese

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Design movement blending Japanese minimalist aesthetic with British Arts & Crafts values.

Art Deco

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Characterized by bold geometric shapes, luxurious materials, and a modern industrial flair.

Art Nouveau

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Featured organic forms, curved lines, and nature-inspired motifs, especially in glass and metalwork.

Arts & Crafts Movement

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Prioritized honesty in design, craftsmanship, and natural materials. Rejected industrial mass production.

Arts and Crafts

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Emphasized handmade craftsmanship and simple forms rooted in medieval, romantic, or folk styles.

Bauhaus

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A modernist movement combining crafts and fine arts, emphasizing functional design and minimalism.

Georgian

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Design period from 1714 to 1830 featuring symmetry, classical detail, and fine craftsmanship.

Gothic Revival

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Inspired by medieval architecture, it features pointed arches, finials, and ecclesiastical motifs.

Late Victorian

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Elaborate and eclectic style reflecting the end of Queen Victoria's reign, rich in ornamentation and mixed influences.

Mid-Century Modern

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Post-WWII style known for clean lines, functional forms, and use of new materials like plywood and plastics.

Queen Anne

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Revival style favoring elegant curves, cabriole legs, and veneered walnut. Seen in early 20th century fine furniture.

Reformed Gothic

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A softened Gothic style emerging from ecclesiastical design, favoring moral symbolism and handmade construction.

Renaissance Revival

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19th-century movement reviving classical Roman and Renaissance architectural details in furniture and decoration.

Scandinavian Modern

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Modernist style from Nordic countries featuring light woods, organic forms, and democratic design principles.

Victorian

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Style from the reign of Queen Victoria, marked by eclectic revivalism and ornate decoration.

Vienna Secession

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Austrian avant-garde movement aligned with Art Nouveau, known for linear geometry and abstract ornamentation.

Materials & Techniques

Appliqué

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Decorative overlay technique where materials are added to a surface for embellishment.

Brass Inlay

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Metal detail set into wood to create linear or pictorial designs.

Burr Walnut

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Highly figured walnut veneer cut from burl growths, prized for swirling grain patterns.

Cast Iron

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Heavy, durable metal often seen in fire fenders, grates, and structural elements.

Chamfered Edge

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An angled cut along a corner or edge that adds detail and lightness to heavy forms.

Chip-Carved Detail

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Chisel-carved geometric or linear patterns into a surface. Common in decorative panels.

Copper Foil

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Thin copper sheet applied decoratively, often embossed or patinated.

Ebonized Finish

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A blackened surface treatment that mimics ebony wood.

Embossed Copper Grille

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Raised decorative patterns hammered into copper sheets, used in panels and doors.

Enamel

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Glass-fused color coating used in metalwork and decorative plaques.

Fumed Oak

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Oak darkened using ammonia fumes to emphasize grain patterns.

Glazed Panel

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Glass-fronted panel within a wooden frame, often used in cabinets and bookcases.

Hammered Copper

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Textured metalwork achieved through hand-hammering. Popular in Arts & Crafts design.

Hand-Carved

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Surfaces or motifs shaped by hand tools, showing maker's mark and individual character.

Inlay

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Material embedded into a base surface for decoration, commonly in contrasting woods or metals.

Leaded Glass

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Decorative glass joined with lead cames, found in windows and cabinet doors.

Linenfold Panel

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Carved to mimic folded fabric. Associated with Gothic and Tudor-style furniture.

Mahogany

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Fine hardwood used in elegant, high-quality cabinetry and veneered furniture.

Marquetry

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Wood veneer technique forming pictorial designs using multiple wood species or materials.

Medullary Rays

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Natural radial markings visible in quarter-sawn oak. Prized for its shimmering effect.

Nickel-Plated

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Silver-toned metal finish achieved by plating nickel onto brass or iron.

Oak

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Durable hardwood found in British and European furniture. Often used quarter-sawn.

Panelled / Panelling

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Framed wood sections arranged in series across walls or furniture.

Patina

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The aged surface appearance of materials like wood and metal, often desirable in antiques.

Pewter Inlay

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Soft metal inlay used for linear designs and floral motifs, typical of Arts & Crafts metalwork.

Pyrography

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Burned-wood decoration using heated tools to create images or patterns.

Quarter-Sawn Oak

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Oak lumber cut to reveal straight grain and medullary rays, favored for stability and appearance.

Repoussé

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Hammered metalwork in relief, created from the reverse side. Seen in plaques and panels.

Rush-Seated

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Traditional seat construction using woven rush. Found in vernacular and Arts & Crafts chairs.

Sliding Top

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Tabletop mechanism allowing for concealed leaf extensions or storage access.

Stained Glass

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Colored glass used decoratively, joined by lead and often seen in religious or Arts & Crafts pieces.

Stylised Floral Motif

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Simplified, repetitive floral forms common in Aesthetic and Art Nouveau designs.

Vaseline Shade

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Yellowish iridescent glass used in antique lighting, named for its appearance.

Verdigris

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Natural or applied green-blue oxidation layer found on aged copper and brass.

Walnut

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Fine hardwood with rich color and swirling grain. Used in veneered and carved furniture.

Wrought Iron

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Hand-forged iron used in furniture, grilles, and structural decorative elements.

Yew

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Fine-grained wood with a reddish hue, historically used in chairs and cabinetry.

Structural Elements

Architrave

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Framing moulding around a door, panel, or fireplace opening.

Armorial Panel

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Panel featuring heraldic or coat-of-arms design, often carved.

Bevel

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Angled surface cut into a square edge, used on glass or wood for refinement.

Bobbin Turned

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Repetitive lathe-turned bulbous form resembling wooden bobbins or spools.

Bracket

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Supportive or decorative projection beneath shelves, overhangs, or cornices.

Castors

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Wheels fitted to furniture feet for ease of movement, common in tables and chairs.

Chamfer

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Angled edge cut away from a corner, often used decoratively in joinery.

Club Fender

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Low upholstered seat with a metal frame that surrounds a fireplace hearth.

Dovetail Joint

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Strong, interlocking woodworking joint commonly found in antique drawers.

Drop-Leaf Table

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Table with hinged leaves that can be extended or folded down.

Exposed Peg Construction

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Visible wooden dowels used to secure joints, signature of Arts & Crafts authenticity.

Finial

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Decorative knob or terminal found at the top of a post, lamp, or gable.

Hinged Panel

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Movable panel fixed by a hinge. used in doors, cabinets, or concealed compartments.

Knuckle Joint

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Pivot-style wood joint used to support swing-out or drop-down components.

Lathe Turned

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Component shaped by rotation on a lathe, often used in spindles and legs.

Overlay

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Decorative surface material laid over a structural base for contrast or embellishment.

Panelled

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Furniture or walls composed of multiple inset wood sections within a frame.

Ring-Turned Leg

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Leg shape formed by turning concentric rings into the wood on a lathe.

Splat

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Vertical back support in a chair, often pierced or carved.

Spindle Back

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Chair with multiple thin, turned supports in the backrest.

Stretcher

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Crosspiece between furniture legs adding strength and visual interest.

Tapered Leg

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Furniture leg that narrows toward the base, common in refined, modernist styles.

Tongue and Groove

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Joinery system using a protruding tongue and matching groove to lock wood pieces together.

Trestle Table

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Table with a long top supported by two or more trestles, found in medieval and revivalist furniture.

Upholstery

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Padding and fabric applied to furniture for comfort and style.

Yoke Back Chair

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Chair featuring a top rail shaped like a yoke, usually gently curved and sculptural.