Glossary of Terms
Styles & Movements
20th Century
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General category for design and furniture spanning from the 1900s to 1990s, covering multiple stylistic eras.
Aesthetic Movement
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Emphasized beauty, harmony, and stylized decoration. Known for Japanese influence and high craftsmanship.
Anglo-Japanese
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Design movement blending Japanese minimalist aesthetic with British Arts & Crafts values.
Art Deco
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Characterized by bold geometric shapes, luxurious materials, and a modern industrial flair.
Art Nouveau
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Featured organic forms, curved lines, and nature-inspired motifs, especially in glass and metalwork.
Arts & Crafts Movement
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Prioritized honesty in design, craftsmanship, and natural materials. Rejected industrial mass production.
Arts and Crafts
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Emphasized handmade craftsmanship and simple forms rooted in medieval, romantic, or folk styles.
Bauhaus
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A modernist movement combining crafts and fine arts, emphasizing functional design and minimalism.
Georgian
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Design period from 1714 to 1830 featuring symmetry, classical detail, and fine craftsmanship.
Gothic Revival
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Inspired by medieval architecture, it features pointed arches, finials, and ecclesiastical motifs.
Late Victorian
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Elaborate and eclectic style reflecting the end of Queen Victoria's reign, rich in ornamentation and mixed influences.
Mid-Century Modern
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Post-WWII style known for clean lines, functional forms, and use of new materials like plywood and plastics.
Queen Anne
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Revival style favoring elegant curves, cabriole legs, and veneered walnut. Seen in early 20th century fine furniture.
Reformed Gothic
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A softened Gothic style emerging from ecclesiastical design, favoring moral symbolism and handmade construction.
Renaissance Revival
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19th-century movement reviving classical Roman and Renaissance architectural details in furniture and decoration.
Scandinavian Modern
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Modernist style from Nordic countries featuring light woods, organic forms, and democratic design principles.
Victorian
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Style from the reign of Queen Victoria, marked by eclectic revivalism and ornate decoration.
Vienna Secession
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Austrian avant-garde movement aligned with Art Nouveau, known for linear geometry and abstract ornamentation.
Materials & Techniques
Appliqué
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Decorative overlay technique where materials are added to a surface for embellishment.
Brass Inlay
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Metal detail set into wood to create linear or pictorial designs.
Burr Walnut
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Highly figured walnut veneer cut from burl growths, prized for swirling grain patterns.
Cast Iron
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Heavy, durable metal often seen in fire fenders, grates, and structural elements.
Chamfered Edge
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An angled cut along a corner or edge that adds detail and lightness to heavy forms.
Chip-Carved Detail
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Chisel-carved geometric or linear patterns into a surface. Common in decorative panels.
Copper Foil
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Thin copper sheet applied decoratively, often embossed or patinated.
Ebonized Finish
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A blackened surface treatment that mimics ebony wood.
Embossed Copper Grille
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Raised decorative patterns hammered into copper sheets, used in panels and doors.
Enamel
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Glass-fused color coating used in metalwork and decorative plaques.
Fumed Oak
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Oak darkened using ammonia fumes to emphasize grain patterns.
Glazed Panel
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Glass-fronted panel within a wooden frame, often used in cabinets and bookcases.
Hammered Copper
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Textured metalwork achieved through hand-hammering. Popular in Arts & Crafts design.
Hand-Carved
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Surfaces or motifs shaped by hand tools, showing maker's mark and individual character.
Inlay
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Material embedded into a base surface for decoration, commonly in contrasting woods or metals.
Leaded Glass
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Decorative glass joined with lead cames, found in windows and cabinet doors.
Linenfold Panel
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Carved to mimic folded fabric. Associated with Gothic and Tudor-style furniture.
Mahogany
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Fine hardwood used in elegant, high-quality cabinetry and veneered furniture.
Marquetry
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Wood veneer technique forming pictorial designs using multiple wood species or materials.
Medullary Rays
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Natural radial markings visible in quarter-sawn oak. Prized for its shimmering effect.
Nickel-Plated
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Silver-toned metal finish achieved by plating nickel onto brass or iron.
Oak
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Durable hardwood found in British and European furniture. Often used quarter-sawn.
Panelled / Panelling
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Framed wood sections arranged in series across walls or furniture.
Patina
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The aged surface appearance of materials like wood and metal, often desirable in antiques.
Pewter Inlay
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Soft metal inlay used for linear designs and floral motifs, typical of Arts & Crafts metalwork.
Pyrography
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Burned-wood decoration using heated tools to create images or patterns.
Quarter-Sawn Oak
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Oak lumber cut to reveal straight grain and medullary rays, favored for stability and appearance.
Repoussé
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Hammered metalwork in relief, created from the reverse side. Seen in plaques and panels.
Rush-Seated
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Traditional seat construction using woven rush. Found in vernacular and Arts & Crafts chairs.
Sliding Top
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Tabletop mechanism allowing for concealed leaf extensions or storage access.
Stained Glass
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Colored glass used decoratively, joined by lead and often seen in religious or Arts & Crafts pieces.
Stylised Floral Motif
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Simplified, repetitive floral forms common in Aesthetic and Art Nouveau designs.
Vaseline Shade
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Yellowish iridescent glass used in antique lighting, named for its appearance.
Verdigris
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Natural or applied green-blue oxidation layer found on aged copper and brass.
Walnut
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Fine hardwood with rich color and swirling grain. Used in veneered and carved furniture.
Wrought Iron
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Hand-forged iron used in furniture, grilles, and structural decorative elements.
Yew
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Fine-grained wood with a reddish hue, historically used in chairs and cabinetry.
Structural Elements
Architrave
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Framing moulding around a door, panel, or fireplace opening.
Armorial Panel
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Panel featuring heraldic or coat-of-arms design, often carved.
Bevel
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Angled surface cut into a square edge, used on glass or wood for refinement.
Bobbin Turned
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Repetitive lathe-turned bulbous form resembling wooden bobbins or spools.
Bracket
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Supportive or decorative projection beneath shelves, overhangs, or cornices.
Castors
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Wheels fitted to furniture feet for ease of movement, common in tables and chairs.
Chamfer
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Angled edge cut away from a corner, often used decoratively in joinery.
Club Fender
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Low upholstered seat with a metal frame that surrounds a fireplace hearth.
Dovetail Joint
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Strong, interlocking woodworking joint commonly found in antique drawers.
Drop-Leaf Table
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Table with hinged leaves that can be extended or folded down.
Exposed Peg Construction
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Visible wooden dowels used to secure joints, signature of Arts & Crafts authenticity.
Finial
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Decorative knob or terminal found at the top of a post, lamp, or gable.
Hinged Panel
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Movable panel fixed by a hinge. used in doors, cabinets, or concealed compartments.
Knuckle Joint
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Pivot-style wood joint used to support swing-out or drop-down components.
Lathe Turned
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Component shaped by rotation on a lathe, often used in spindles and legs.
Overlay
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Decorative surface material laid over a structural base for contrast or embellishment.
Panelled
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Furniture or walls composed of multiple inset wood sections within a frame.
Ring-Turned Leg
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Leg shape formed by turning concentric rings into the wood on a lathe.
Splat
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Vertical back support in a chair, often pierced or carved.
Spindle Back
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Chair with multiple thin, turned supports in the backrest.
Stretcher
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Crosspiece between furniture legs adding strength and visual interest.
Tapered Leg
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Furniture leg that narrows toward the base, common in refined, modernist styles.
Tongue and Groove
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Joinery system using a protruding tongue and matching groove to lock wood pieces together.
Trestle Table
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Table with a long top supported by two or more trestles, found in medieval and revivalist furniture.
Upholstery
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Padding and fabric applied to furniture for comfort and style.
Yoke Back Chair
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Chair featuring a top rail shaped like a yoke, usually gently curved and sculptural.